Stress Is An Epidemic Of The 21st Century - 1858 Words

Your job getting hard to keep a handle on, the to-do list is piling up, the credit-card bills are rising steadily. Your teenager decides they hate school and want to run away with the circus. Or maybe you are feeling down by the constant stimulation you are bombarded with 24 hours a day†¦.images, media, news, television, radio, billboards†¦. Whether it’s due to one thing or another, you just can’t relax. There is no doubt about it, stress is an epidemic of the 21st century and it s can easily creep into our lives and grow there if we let it. It s upsetting that in the USA today over 77% of people are regularly experiencing negative physical symptoms due to stress. For some people this can mean dealing with depression or anxiety, but for others it can mean that they get hungry! So hungry that they add the stress of weight gain to their growing list of problems†¦.. Looking at the nation as a whole it s easy to see that we are more stressed and less healthy than ever before. But it doesn t have to be this way! Trust me, I know what it s like to feel stressed. Just like many of you, I am constantly trying my best to balance the personal, family and professional areas of my life. We wear multiple hats every single day. Don t we? It is so important to have the right tools to calm the mind and nervous system and find that balance we truly need in our lives.Otherwise, the outcome can be disastrous. With heavy minds, bodies andShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity800 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ I. Introduction a. Childhood obesity is a rising epidemic in the United States. b. We can teach children healthy eating habits, incorporate physical activity and lead by example. II. Teaching healthy eating habits a. Educate children about healthy foods and their benefits b. Provide healthy alternatives to unhealthy snacks c. Limit fast food for meals III. Incorporating physical activity a. Limit time for electronic use b. Set a specific amount of time for daily outside activity cRead MoreHeat Wave Environments716 Words   |  3 PagesIncreased temperature has become one of the most visible environmental concerns of the 21st Century. Recent research shows that the overall risk of heat-related illness or death has climbed steadily since 1980, with around 30% of the world’s population now living in climatic conditions that deliver extreme hot temperatures persisting several days to weeks a year (Mora et al. 2017). Between 2000 and 2016, the number of vulnerable people exposed to heat wave events has increased by approximately 125Read MoreStress in the 21st Century Essay2392 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Stress is an epidemic in the 21st century and impacts on people’s behaviour in many ways. Discuss in light of the literature.† Stress is a term that is frequently used in everyday conversation. The conventional meaning of the word stress – too much to do, too much to worry about – was not part of the vocabulary some fifty years ago. In the 1930s the Hungarian scientist Hans Selye, the godfather of stress research, took an engineering concept and applied it to humans 1. Stress in generalRead MoreHow Can Save Your Life With Stress Relief?963 Words   |  4 PagesHow To Save Your Life With Stress Relief By Matthias K. Maas | Submitted On September 16, 2014 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Matthias K. Maas How often do you feel on the edge? FrustratedRead MoreThe History of Nursing Science1076 Words   |  4 Pagescomplexities, and because nursing science is so intimately tied to nursing practice, it may be simplest and most appropriate to place the birth of nursing science with the establishment of professional nursing and nursing education in the early 19th century. The most popular version of the founding of the nursing profession revolves around Florence Nightingale, a wealthy British woman who organized a group of female nurses to tend to soldiers in the Crimea in 1854 and subsequently established nursingRead MoreSpreading Of Hiv / Aids1734 Words   |  7 PagesGregory Lewis Professor Zeller International Relations 17 April 2017 The Spreading of HIV/AIDS What is AIDS and how it is spreading throughout the world? Throughout the 20th-21st Century, AIDS has been a top primary concern for many people and how it can spread numerous ways through any physical contact. AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, has a set of symptoms that has caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. This type of virus is considered to be whenRead MoreWork Is A Necessary Part Of Society And The Need To Work1773 Words   |  8 Pagesbeginning of time. In the world we live in it is how money is made and how products are manufactured. However, what does it look like when Americans work too much? One piece of evidence presented in an article by Fred E. Stickle points out that the stress that is put on the employee in the workplace can have a dramatic effect on their health and overall wellbeing. This is further addressed in the article â€Å"Are Americans working too much?† by Schuyler Velasco and Jacob Turcotte where they explain thatRead MoreCultural Culture Courtship And Marriage1268 Words   |  6 Pagesforsaking all others. Courtship today, isn t what it was in earlier years. Times in America has changed drastically in the 21st c entury. Marriage was typical of man and woman, but now Homosexuals are allowed to marry in most states in the United States of America. Some trends in the United States that started in 1960 s-1970 s divorce has begun to rise for over a century (Smock, 2004). Many marriages between those who are well off financially secure are more than likely to marry and stay marriedRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Health1558 Words   |  7 Pagesyoung people have such a hard time today is because they have so much stress packed on their shoulders. All the stress adds up to an abundance, that can t really be taken off their shoulders. When you add up everything that a young adult has to go through, and you compareto what our parents and their parents had to go through. It s nothing in comparison. Our lives are just simply more stressful, in comparison to what the 20th century adults and young adults had to go through. 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The History of Poliomyelitis Essay - 1749 Words

Public awareness of and concern for persons with disabilities was virtually non-existent until the poliomyelitis epidemic during the mid-twentieth century focused attention on the plight of disabled Americans. As the epidemiology of the disease evolved, poliomyelitis, polio for short, evolved from a disease of poor immigrants, living in crowded, filthy conditions to an affliction that struck across the social strata affecting the middle and upper classes. Pervasive fear of polio and its consequences coupled with the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s, public struggle with the disease and its complications propelled the fight against polio and its associated disabilities to the national forefront. Through efforts†¦show more content†¦Poliovirus in the nervous system leads to paralytic polio—the most devastating form of the disease. The onset of paralysis can be rapid, but the severity depends on the number of neurons affected. There i s no cure for the disease, and victims may be left with permanent consequences from their illness. Post-polio syndrome may affect polio survivors, even those with benign initial manifestations, years after recovery from their initial insult. Although rarely life-threatening, post-polio syndrome results in weakening of previously affected muscles causing significant interference with the individuals ability to function independently. Polio in the United States: FDR, public awareness and development of the vaccine. By the early twentieth century, there were major polio epidemics in Europe and the United States. People exposed to poliovirus were conferred immunity even if they were asymptomatic. Improvements in sanitation resulted in reduced fecal contamination of water and food sources, thereby diminishing exposure to the poliovirus and decreasing immunity. As the nation challenged itself to improve the living conditions for its citizens, it unintentionally led to the epidemic spread of polio. The disease once considered an affliction of the poor who lived in crowded, filthy tenements, now affected all elements of theShow MoreRelatedThe History of Poliomyelitis Better Known as Polio843 Words   |  3 PagesThe disease poliomyelitis is more commonly known by its alternative name â€Å"polio.† The history of this disease dates back into prehistory, but major polio epidemics were not known before the twentieth century. The first clinical description of this disease was provided by a Britis h physician named Michael Underwood, in which he described the disease as debility of the lower extremities. In the 1880s major epidemics started to occur in Europe, then made its way soon after into the United States. TheRead MoreWhat Is Poliomyelitis?1564 Words   |  6 PagesWHAT IS POLIO? Poliomyelitis or polio, is highly contagious viral infection that can lead to abnormal conditions such as paralysis, breathing problems, or even lead to death. The poliomyelitis is from the word â€Å"grey†, myelos referencing to the â€Å"matter† of the spinal cord, -itis meaning inflammation. So it means the inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord. Poliomyelitis can be categorize as either asymptomatic or symptomatic. AboutRead MoreIs Poliomyelitis A Non Curable Viral Disease?1565 Words   |  7 PagesPoliomyelitis is a non-curable viral disease that mainly affects children who under five years old. It is a highly infectious disease, which is transmitted mainly through the fecal oral route and less frequently through contaminated water or food.[1][2] Virus transmission is correlated with areas where water quality, sanitation and hygiene are poor.[3] The virus enters through the human gastrointestinal tract and proliferates in the intestines. 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It has taken many people’s lives throughout the course of history. The virus’s shape is a circular-shaped agent which has spikes sticking out of various areas of this virus. Some interesting facts about this dangerous virus is that in the early and mid 1900s, there were at least 5,000-10,000 deaths per year, and v accines didn’t come out until the 1950s. Also, today almost every countryRead MoreTaking a Look at Polio1546 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Polio (poliomyelitis) is a viral disease also referred to as infantile paralysis. It is an infectious, potentially fatal disease for which there is no known existing cure. This paper discusses the causes, transmission, symptoms and prevention of polio. Further, it addresses the challenges involved in eradicating Polio and suggests efforts to wipe out this disease. The word â€Å"poliomyelitis† is derived from the Greek word, ‘polios’, meaning grey, and myelà ³s for â€Å"marrow†, which refersRead MoreEssay on Polio Vaccine633 Words   |  3 PagesPoliomyelitis (shortened to polio) has been around for thousands of years, and there is still no cure, but at the peak of its devastation in the United States, Dr. Jonas Salk introduced a way to prevent it. Polio attacks the nerve cells and sometimes the central nervous system, causing muscle wasting, paralysis, and even death. The disease, whose symptoms are flu like, stuck mostly children, and in the first half of the 20th century the epidemics of polio were becoming more devastating. SalkRead MorePolio : A Infectious Viral Disease1718 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Understanding Biology 1.1 Introduction Poliomyelitis, also known as Polio is a highly infectious viral disease that directly invades the nervous system and can cause permanent paralysis (WHO, 2015). The causative agent for Polio is the poliovirus, which is a single strand RNA. Polio is transmitted through faecal-oral contact and is usually found in places with very low sanitation (Victoria State Gov. 2007). Another mode of transmission is coming into direct contact with someone who is infected

Changes in Ethnic and Religious Diversity

Question: 1. Critically discuss the conceptions of Australian national identity presented in two Australian films or television series produced after 2001. 2. ' Australia is located in Asia but has never been part of Asia. Critically assess the validity of this statement in relation to Australia since the 1970s. AIX290-390 Field Report Essay Assessment 3. Why has economic inequality increased in Australia since the 1970s? What have been the consequences of this increase for the quality of life in Australia? 4. How have patterns of ethnic and religious diversity changed in Australia since the 1970s? How have governments responded to these changes? 5. Compare and contrast Australian attitudes towards immigration with ONE of the United States or Korea or another country in East Asia. 6. The Australian response to asylum-seekers demonstrates that racism is alive and well in Australia. Do you agree? 7. Compare and contrast the Australian experience of carbonpricing with ONE of the United States, Korea, Peoples Republic of China or another country in East Asia 8. How have indigenous Australians challenged the Australian nation-state since the 1970s? How has the settler majority responded to their demands? 9. Why and how has Sydney gained an international reputation as a centre of gay life? 10. Why has the cause of marriage equality been more successful in the United States than in Australia? 11. Compare and contrast the significance of religion in Australian life with its significance with ONE of the United States, Korea or another country in East Asia. 12. The experience of Julia Gillard as Prime Minister demonstrated that sexism is alive and well in Australia. Do you agree? 13. What are the similarities and differences between the Australian Labor Party and the American Democrats? AIX290-390 Field Report Essay Assessment 14. What are the similarities and differences between the Liberal and National parties and the American Republicans? Answer: Introduction: In recent scenario, it is evident that the there is existence of cross-cultures in every nation. There is more cultural dependence of various communities and the interrelatedness has increased significantly especially after the globalisation. Nowadays, there is cultural variation in each and every nation. It can be said that historically the conflicts among various races and ethnic groups are evident. It is evident that, as the time passed such conflicts were resolved in the society and it led to more democratic system in various societies (wiliam, 2015). In recent decades multi-culturism is one of the recognised words by the academics, social commentators and the policy makers. It is evident that Australia is one of the countries where such changes have been evident and the patterns of ethnic and religious diversity has changed in the country in the past few decades (Collins, 2013). The main aim of this essay is to critically discuss the changes ethnic and religious diversity in Aus tralia since 1970s. Before, going through the changes in ethnic and religious diversity, it is important to understand both the terms very well. It is noted that OSullivan (2014) defined theethnic grouporethnicityas a specific category of people whorecognize with each otheron the basis of widespreadinherited, communal, educational or nationwide experience. On the other hand, the term religious diversity can be explained from various angles such as from psychosomatic, anthropological, or chronological point of views. The present argument, nevertheless, will emphasize itself principally with several key aspects adjacent to religious diversity, in particular systematic thinker of religious conviction, are most apprehensive at present (OSullivan, 2014). Here, the study also discussed how the government has responded to such changes. Changes in Ethnic and Religious Diversity in Australia since 1970s: It is evident that there has been cultural and ethnic diversity in Australia and it has changed significantly in the past few decades. Here it can be said that 1995 is the International Year of Tolerance as designated by the United Nations and it reflected on the multi-cultural nature in Australia. It is evident that various cultures have evolved in Australia without any major problems that are seen in other countries (Australia.gov.au, 2015). There are several measures that can be used to show different characteristics of the religious, cultural and ethnic diversity of Australia. There is certain degree of controversy that is evident in the country as well. One of the difficulties that were faced in the country was in terms of locating the ethnicity of the people. Australian censuses on the birthplaces and the religion can present limited problems that were mainly caused by changing boundaries over time. In the past, it was declared by most Australians the adherence to a specific denomination which was usually Catholic or Protestant. The educational welfare agencies and churches were more interested in the religious data but in recent times the exclusiveness of the denominations were not so rigid as non-Christian denominations were also expanded in Australia. The ethnic strength and the concentration can be measured by the ethnic birthplace and religious data. In the following table the number of first generation and second generation people with English speaking and non-English speaking background in 1991 (Forrest and Dunn, 2011). Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2015) It is evident that people from various migration countries have come in Australia and that has produced the second generation in the country. The groups mainly include people from Austria, Ireland, Malta, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Italy, and United Kingdom. The second generation basically outnumbers the first. Here it can be said that the new millennium began in Australia with a large and diverse population base. There has been 5% increase in the residents who are born overseas. It is also evident that there has been a decline in the Australia born residents. Recently, the flow of people in Australia having a birthplace of United Kingdom is 5.5%. Around 6.3% of the people in Australia are born in the Middle-east, North Africa and Asia. Thus there has been significant cultural diversity is Australia since 1970s. The ethnic composition of the country changed significantly, especially after the Second World War. After the War, the number of migrated people entering Australia from various countries increased. In 1947, most of the people migrated in Australia were from English-speaking countries (White, 2009). Since 1971, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were included in the consensus. After 1971, the diversity in the ethnic groups increased significantly. The mixed descents were also classified in other racial category due to high historic obsession with race even though they were quite assimilated in the mainstream. In order to come in the recent census enumeration, indigenous people chose to categorise themselves as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin (migrationpolicy.org, 2002). Here it can be said that the size of ethnic groups cannot be determined definitely elastic ethnic group concept. In the emigration situation there is an element of choice and the difference i s between the non-citizens and citizens. In 1973, the racial classification of immigration was abandoned by Australian government as there was no reason for the ethnic group limitation (OSullivan, 2014). There were changing trends of finding the surrogate for ethnicity. At first it was birthplace which became the unsatisfactory measure, after that it was assessed by religion. In 1976, language was the main measure of ethnicity. In the following table, some of the ethnicities in terms of birthplace, religion and language are shown. Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2015) There are various dimensions of ethnicities and after 1991; self-identification was included in the Census for the aboriginal people (Unesco.org, 2015). In Australia, it was seen that the ethnic minorities and specific group of people concentrated in particular areas and it was often termed as ghettos. Now the government responses to the ethnic and religious diversity can be discussed. Government Responses to the ethnic and religious diversity in Australia Since the very origin as a strategic structure the response towards the needs of the immigrants the ethnic and the religious diversities have become a notion that sensed the growing cultural diversity in the society especially during the later part of the twentieth century. However, this multi-cultural and ethnic diversity has been generally contested and hence have been very controversial and scrutinized with respect to the security and the social disputes prevalent in the beginning of the twenty-first century (Roy, 2012). In Australia the first Department of Immigration was established in 1945. Since then the government was focused on the policies relating to the settlement of the immigrants and public discourse due to this (ZAPPALA, 1998). As a result of this the multicultural diversity in the Australian society fluctuated and the emphasis shifted from assimilating and integrating to multi-cultural diversity. Nevertheless in recent times the shift has again focused to assimilation. Towards the end of 1960s, the policies of the government had already shifted towards integration and awareness spread on the difficulties which the new immigrants faced. The government also attempted to make such policies that would support the immigrants to successfully integrate in the Australian society without the fear of losing their national identity (Neale, Kleinert and Bancroft, 2000). Internationally there were countries that were widely welcoming the immigrants in their countries such as Canada. As a result of this during 1970s the acceptance of these multi-cultures in the Australian society increased to a large extent. One critical feature of the cultural and ethnic relation in these countries is the treatment rendered on the Indigenous people and their present stature and position in these states (Smolicz, 1984). For instance the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) is a recognized organization that discusses on the multi-cultural issues and state that these issues should necessarily include the indigenous tribes of Australia and their reconciliation matters (Bottomley, 1976). When these strategies on multicultural issues were first introduced in the federal level in the country, the governments of the state and the territories also develop their individual laws on the subject. Most of the work relating to the indigenous tribes is now done by the state and territories and the ground level work is done by the community organizations and the Non-governmental organizations. During the 1970s, as stated earlier, more stress was given on integration rather than on assimilation. Later focus was also laid on the challenges that the immigrants are facing while trying to settle in the Australian society. During the 1960s the racial restrictions on immigration was eased and in 1973 a policy on universal admissions to end White Australia was announced. Further in 1975 the Commonwealth Parliament enacted a Racial Discrimination Act, the objective of which was to implement the provisions given under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1969) that endorsed the prohibition of racial and other forms of discrimination to which Australia was a party (Bottomley, 1976). In the year 1973 a speech was given by Al Grassby, the Minister of Immigration under the Whitlam Government, where the minister stated that multiculturalism was a fundamental for the settlement of migrants and their welfare. Again in 1977, the Australian Population and Immigration Council received a submission on Australia was a Multicultural society. The Australian Ethnic Affairs Council coined the first official definition of multiculturalism and called it cultural pluralism based on the principles of social cohesion, equal opportunity and cultural identity. The Galbally Report on the Review of Post-Arrival Programs and Services to Migrants produced in 1978 saw a shift in the strategic structures of the government with respect to the settlement of the migrants that led to the cultural and linguistic diversity (Forrest and Dunn, 2011). The Fraser Government adopted the Galbally Report recommendations, as result of which the settlement services were expanded which included teaching English, accommodation, orientation, translation services, recognition of overseas qualifications and establishing resource centers. When the Hawke Labor Government was ruling they introduced cuts in the programs of the government during 1980s which included the abolition of AIMA in 1986. Nevertheless, the government did introduce some more multicultural policies and initiatives for instance improvement of the government services and programs for people who cannot speak English and the government also established the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC). During the 1980s, the number of immigrants in the country increased to a great extent primarily due to the arrivals of the people from the Asian and other Middle-Eastern countries. The Committee to Advise on Australia's Immigration Policies released a report in this context with the name Immigration: a Commitment to Australia which stated about the urgent need for reforms in the immigration arena (Moran, 2011). In 1996, the federal election was won by the Coalition Government led by John Howard who was a critic of multiculturalism for a number of years. Hence when this government came to power it started abolishing the primary agencies such as the OMA, the BIMPR, the ADEP, the unemployment benefits, the consultations with the ethnic organizations and the other public sector reforms that were available to the immigrants (White, 2009). These actions led to a lot of public criticism and finally in 1997 the Howard Government appointed organization NMAC announced for leadership to defend multiculturalism in the report Australian Multiculturalism for a New Century: Towards Inclusiveness (White, 2009). Later in 2007, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission's (HREOC) came up with a position paper on multiculturalism. Laurie Ferguson who was known as the Shadow Minister of Multiculturalism had stated that the vision a multicultural Australia is constant with the objectives of respect, friendship and understanding with the ethnic and cultural groups of Australia and the government would also take necessary steps to remove racial discrimination (Collins, 2013). In 2008 the Rudd Government created the Australian Multicultural Advisory Council (AMAC) which provided advice to the government on a variety of approaches to promote social unity, discourage racism and intolerance (Collins, 2013). Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the ethnic, cultural and religious diversity in Australia has been significant in the past few decades. Since 1970s diversity and the cross-cultural integration has increased majorly. It is evident that the opportunities and facilities to diverse ethnic groups have increased with time due to the government intervention. The contemporary view of the ethnic and cultural diversity in the Australian society has been primarily shaped by the pubic discourses in the country. The present question that remains significant is how the diversity in ethnic and religious field will contribute in developing new concepts and more productive public discourses. References Abs.gov.au, (2015).1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 1995. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/featurearticlesbytitle/49F609C83CF34D69CA2569DE0025C182?OpenDocument [Accessed 8 Jan. 2015]. Australia.gov.au, (2015).changing-face-of-modern-australia-1950s-to-1970s | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/changing-face-of-modern-australia-1950s-to-1970s [Accessed 8 Jan. 2015]. Bottomley, G. (1976). Ethnic diversity in Australia.Patterns of Prejudice, 10(6), pp.30-35. Collins, J. (2013). Multiculturalism and Immigrant Integration in Australia.Canadian Ethnic Studies, 45(3), pp.133-149. Collins, J. (2013). Multiculturalism and Immigrant Integration in Australia.Canadian Ethnic Studies, 45(3), pp.133-149. Forrest, J. and Dunn, K. (2011). Attitudes to Diversity: new perspectives on the ethnic geography of Brisbane, Australia.Australian Geographer, 42(4), pp.435-453. Forrest, J. and Dunn, K. (2011). Attitudes to Diversity: new perspectives on the ethnic geography of Brisbane, Australia.Australian Geographer, 42(4), pp.435-453. migrationpolicy.org, (2002).Australia's Increasing Ethnic and Religious Diversity. [online] Available at: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/australias-increasing-ethnic-and-religious-diversity [Accessed 8 Jan. 2015]. Moran, A. (2011). Multiculturalism as nation-building in Australia: Inclusive national identity and the embrace of diversity.Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(12), pp.2153-2172. Neale, M., Kleinert, S. and Bancroft, R. (2000).The Oxford companion to aboriginal art and culture. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. OSullivan, D. (2014). Indigeneity, Ethnicity, and the State: Australia, Fiji, and New Zealand.Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 20(1), pp.26-42. Roy, D. (2012). An Excellent Ethnic Performance: LÄ nica in Multicultural Melbourne.Musicology Australia, 34(2), pp.277-296. Smolicz, J. (1984). Minority languages and the core values of culture: Changing policies and ethnic response in Australia.Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 5(1), pp.23-41. Unesco.org, (2015).Policy Paper no. 4 - Multiculturalism: New Policy Responses to Diversity. [online] Available at: https://www.unesco.org/most/pp4.htm [Accessed 8 Jan. 2015]. White, R. (2009). Ethnic Diversity and Differential Policing in Australia: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly.Int. Migration Integration, 10(4), pp.359-375. White, R. (2009). Ethnic Diversity and Differential Policing in Australia: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly.Int. Migration Integration, 10(4), pp.359-375. wiliam, S. (2015).Multicultural population, Australia's unique human characteristics, Changing Australian communities, Geography Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia. [online] Skwirk.com. Available at: https://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16_u-123_t-335_c-1158/multicultural-population/nsw/multicultural-population/changing-australian-communities/australia-s-unique-human-characteristics [Accessed 8 Jan. 2015]. ZAPPALA, G. (1998). Clientelism, Political Culture and Ethnic Politics in Australia.Australian Journal of Political Science, 33(3), pp.381-397.

Sharing In Software Development Outsourcing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sharing In Software Development Outsourcing? Answer: Introducation IP or Intellectual property denotes merely a creation of the mind. It includes artistic and literary, designs, symbols, inventions, images and names used in commerce. The following study analyzes the various rights to be claimed in an IP application. The various rights that are claimed defines inventive or invention concept. Every standard and patents of certified innovation should claim their multiple specifications. These claims are options regarding a provisional application. The claims must define precisely what they have been seeking regarding patent protection (Bradner Contreras, 2017). The different words claims should differentiate invention from what has been known already for establishing the inventiveness. Every essential technical; features must be set out elements of inventive and invention concept. The business should be supported by and consistent with the description. They must be concise and clear. Further, it must be written in a single sentence. It must be kept in mind that for a standard patent one has various claims. However, a certified innovation patent comprises of only five claims. The patent attorneys are recommended using their services who are experts at putting down different claims (Sweet Maggio, 2015). There are two kinds of claims. They are the dependent and independent ones. The right to dependent claim denotes one or more than one prior claims. One must assure that introduction of every dependent claim signifies to earlier claims. This can be done through repeating introductory claims and denoting the claims by number. Various additional features specified under dependent claims are those that are considered optional or desirable to inventive or invention concept. It is sometimes utilized as security just in case that the design of an independent claim has not been new. It might also take place as an independent claim is displayed to be invalid as the patent is granted (Alimov Officer, 2017). Further, they might even be of value as a license agreement is negotiated with a manufacturer. A right of independent claim takes place as there is no other claim present. It is intended to define the features necessary for the above concept. Moreover, a standard patent application might have more than a single independent claim. However, they should relate to the similar inventive or invention concept (Chen, Bharadwaj Goh, 2017). For instance, as the invention is the latest product, one might be able to involve independent claims for products. Besides, a new process particularly adapted to make that product and a new tool for carrying out the method is also engaged in the right to claim. At last, it must be kept in mind, though there are various scopes of rights present, the claims must not be much. The claim should be reasonable and it must define a single concept. As anyone claims very much, it can be hard to defend or retrieve those rights. Additionally, as one claims too little, one might miss out valuable opportunities. The above study differentiates the various rights to claim under an independent and dependent category. These intellectual property rights are helpful to include geographical indications, few trade secrets, patents, industrial design rights and so on. References: Alimov, A., Officer, M. S. (2017). Intellectual property rights and cross-border mergers and acquisitions.Journal of Corporate Finance,45, 360-377. Bradner, S., Contreras, J. (2017).Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology(No. RFC 8179). Chen, Y., Bharadwaj, A., Goh, K. Y. (2017). An Empirical Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights Sharing in Software Development Outsourcing.MIS Quarterly,41(1). Sweet, C. M., Maggio, D. S. E. (2015). Do stronger intellectual property rights increase innovation?.World Development,66, 665-677

Amibor Heart essays

Amibor Heart essays ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY: THE ABIOCOR HEART On September 13, 2002, mankind reached another technological milestone. Tom Christerson, a patient in Kentucky completed his first year of life sustained by a self-contained artificial heart. The heart, considered the bodys engine, keeps all the other organs working by supplying them with blood and nutrients. All of the bodys organs require blood to function. This means that a product of advanced technology, the plastic and titanium Abiocor heart, is now performing one of the most vital functions of a living human being. The Abiocor heart is the result of decades of research. 1The first artificial heart dates back to the mid-fifties when a team of scientists led by Willem Kolff, a Dutch-born physician, tested their model in animals. In 1969, a team led by Denton Cooley of the Texas Heart Institute successfully kept the first human patient alive for more than sixty hours with their model. Then, in 1982, a team led by William DeVries of the University of Utah, implanted the Jarvik-7 artificial heart into a patient named Barney Clark, who lived for 112 days. 2The Jarvik-7 was an air-driven pump that required Clark be bound to a compressor the size of a washing machine. Tubes from the compressor passed through his chest wall restricting him to his bed and causing constant infections. His blood kept clotting as it passed through the pump and he suffered numerous strokes before he died. After Clarks death, hopes for an artificial heart faded. Scientists focused on heart transplants and today, 386 percent of patients who receive a heart transplant survive for at least one year. More than 70 percent live for at least four years. However, there are only 4,000 hearts available for transplanting each year and at least 700,000 people suffer from heart failure. Faced with this shortage, scientists knew they had to design a smaller, ...

Legalization of Active Euthanasia essays

Legalization of Active Euthanasia essays The term Euthanasia has become well known throughout the United States. Euthanasia is derived from the Greek words eu and thantos, these words come together to form the phrase easy death. Today, euthanasia is referred to by many names such as mercy killing, and assisted suicide. There is much controversy over whether or not the practice is right. Euthanasia raises many religious, legal, medical and ethical issues. The question of euthanasia being right or wrong is one that most would prefer to leave alone. However the unique cases of euthanasia bring up the consideration of legalization. Those for euthanasia feel that government should consider legalizing active euthanasia because, suffering before death is unbearable not only for terminal patients but Euthanasia can be either passive or active. Active euthanasia is when a physician or other medical personnel hastens as suffering patients death. To carry out this process an overdose of drugs is introduced to the patients system as a form of insulin, barbiturates, or morphine. Passive euthanasia allows the patient to die due to lack of treatment. This includes stopping the food supply and taking the patient off life support systems. This is also known as pulling the plug (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia). All cultures have strong prohibitions against killing. However cultures and religions approve of killing in time of war or in defense against a life-threatening attack. There are sixty-two verses in the Bible calling for killing as punishment for approximately thirty various forms of disobeying the commandments (Neils, Section 1-Chapter 7). The Fifth Commandment states simply Thou shalt not kill. Aid-in-dying is not killing. Killing is doing something to someone against their will to end their living. Physician aid-in-...

Globalization and Changing Market Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalization and Changing Market Trends - Essay Example This may be assessed at present as already happening, in which the converging global market has created a conduit of goods and services available at almost the same prices for different countries. Stressing that the world is flat, as Levitt used it- figuratively, at least - opts to become competitive in a global market where regional, historical, and geographical divisions are increasingly becoming irrelevant. Globalization is suggested to have created a playing field in which the world is flattened, thereby allowing all participants to level off with one another and participate equally in the global market. Competitive playing fields are leveled between industrial and emerging markets, which is a product of a convergence of workflow software and of personal computer with fiber-optic micro cable, not known to human race twenty-five years ago. The surge of technology is likened to a jet plane that zooms upward, changing economic activities of domestic and global markets. Levitt indicates in his literature that the world is increasingly and inevitably becoming one, putting the multinational corporations into obsolete position, which were abounding at the time the literature was written. Levitt had a keen and clear foresight with his assumption that companies that do not adapt to the new global realities will become victims of those that do (p. 11). This has become a reality at present, in which products that do not cope with the demands of globalization and technological advancement will certainly find themselves in financial collapse. This is the reason why Kodak and Mitsubishi have to align their photo developing techniques with that of a digitalized method, since using the old film developing technique will surely assail the companies with lower income due to inability to keep track with new technology. Strategic management of firms should hence be congruent to the changing global markets. Currently, the world's needs and desires have been irrevocably homogenized as an outcome of globalization, a trend not existing in 1983, of which Levitt had been keen to make a foresight. In his views, he stated that this homogeneity makes the multinational corporation obsolete and the global corporation absolute (p. 3). This may have been true had the multinational corporations not kept up with the growing demands of a globalized market. However, due to their ability to keep up through market research, multinational corporations are still able to hold their positions strongly, updating their product lines and technology alongside current trends. Similarly, more and more European counties trail the path to offshore some or all of their operations with the advent of globalization. In this regard, foreign direct investment increases, which involve transfer of operating capacity for functions like production and transportation (Gampenrieder, 2006). Offshore strategies provide companies the capabilities to aim for distinctive, sustainable, and competitive advantages that require relocation of operating